What is the significance of Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

• A. It established the principle of judicial restraint
• B. It established the principle of judicial review
• C. It created the concept of federalism
• D. It defined the powers of the presidency

Answer: (B)

The significance of Marbury v. Madison (1803) lies in its establishment of the principle of judicial review, which allows the Supreme Court to evaluate the constitutionality of legislative acts and executive decisions. This landmark case set a precedent that empowered the judiciary, ensuring that laws passed by Congress and actions taken by the president could be examined and nullified if they were found to conflict with the Constitution. The ruling emphasized the role of the Supreme Court as a co-equal branch of government, capable of checking the powers of both the legislative and executive branches. This principle is fundamental in maintaining the rule of law and protecting civil rights, as it provides a mechanism for the courts to uphold the Constitution as the supreme law of the land.